14 results
C.5 Musashi-1 is a master regulator of aberrant translation in MYC-amplified Group 3 medulloblastoma
- MM Kameda-Smith, H Zhu, E Luo, C Venugopal, K Brown, BA Yee, S Xing, F Tan, D Bakhshinyan, AA Adile, M Subapanditha, D Picard, J Moffat, A Fleming, K Hope, J Provias, M Remke, Y Lu, J Reimand, R Wechsler-Reya, G Yeo, SK Singh
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 48 / Issue s3 / November 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 January 2022, p. S19
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Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common solid malignant pediatric brain neoplasm. Group 3 (G3) MB, particularly MYC amplified G3 MB, is the most aggressive subgroup with the highest frequency of children presenting with metastatic disease, and is associated with a poor prognosis. To further our understanding of the role of MSI1 in MYC amplified G3 MB, we performed an unbiased integrative analysis of eCLIP binding sites, with changes observed at the transcriptome, the translatome, and the proteome after shMSI1 inhibition. Methods: Primary human pediatric MBs, SU_MB002 and HD-MB03 were kind gifts from Dr. Yoon-Jae Cho (Harvard, MS) and Dr. Till Milde (Heidelberg) and cultured for in vitro and in vivo experiments. eCLIP, RNA-seq, Polysome-seq, and TMT-MS were completed as previously described. Results:MSI1 is overexpressed in G3 MB. shRNA Msi1 interference resulted in a reduction in tumour burden conferring a survival advantage to mice injected with shMSI1 G3MB cells. Robust ranked multiomic analysis (RRA) identified an unconventional gene set directly perturbed by MSI1 in G3 MB. Conclusions: Our robust unbiased integrative analysis revealed a distinct role for MSI1 in the maintenance of the stem cell state in G3 MB through post-transcriptional modification of multiple pathways including identification of unconventional targets such as HIPK1.
Multi-level obstruction in obstructive sleep apnoea: prevalence, severity and predictive factors
- C Q Phua, W X Yeo, C Su, P K H Mok
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 131 / Issue 11 / November 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 September 2017, pp. 982-986
- Print publication:
- November 2017
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Objectives:
To characterise multi-level obstruction in terms of prevalence, obstructive sleep apnoea severity and predictive factors, and to collect epidemiological data on upper airway morphology in obstructive sleep apnoea patients.
Methods:Retrospective review of 250 obstructive sleep apnoea patients.
Results:On clinical examination, 171 patients (68.4 per cent) had multi-level obstruction, 49 (19.6 per cent) had single-level obstruction and 30 (12 per cent) showed no obstruction. Within each category of obstructive sleep apnoea severity, multi-level obstruction was more prevalent. Multi-level obstruction was associated with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (more than 30 events per hour) (p = 0.001). Obstructive sleep apnoea severity increased with the number of obstruction sites (correlation coefficient = 0.303, p < 0.001). Multi-level obstruction was more likely in younger (p = 0.042), male (p = 0.045) patients, with high body mass index (more than 30 kg/m2) (p < 0.001). Palatal (p = 0.004), tongue (p = 0.026) and lateral pharyngeal wall obstructions (p = 0.006) were associated with severe obstructive sleep apnoea.
Conclusion:Multi-level obstruction is more prevalent in obstructive sleep apnoea and is associated with increased severity. Obstruction at certain anatomical levels contributes more towards obstructive sleep apnoea severity.
Cervical sparganosis: case reports with focus on radiological findings
- H J Kim, B J Lee, J C Lee, C K Yeo
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 126 / Issue 6 / June 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 April 2012, pp. 641-644
- Print publication:
- June 2012
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Background:
Cervical sparganosis is a rare condition that presents as a lateral neck mass. Its radiological findings have not previously been investigated. Thus, the important radiological findings of cervical sparganosis are presented herein.
Methods:We report two patients with cervical sparganosis who presented with cervical masses, and we review the relevant head and neck literature. Computed tomography was performed three times over 13 months of follow up for one patient.
Results:On follow-up radiological examination, a migratory lesion with a tubular appearance, seen on serial images, should be considered significant for cervical sparganosis.
Conclusion:Radiologically, a migratory cervical mass in the head and neck area with a tubular appearance is suggestive of cervical sparganosis.
Nano Superlattice-like Materials as Thermal Insulators for Phase-Change Random Access Memory
- D. Loke, L. P. Shi, W. J. Wang, R. Zhao, L. T. Ng, K. G. Lim, H. X. Yang, T. C. Chong, Y. C. Yeo.
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1404 / 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 March 2012, mrsf11-1404-w09-05
- Print publication:
- 2012
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Nanoscale superlattice-like (SLL) dielectric was employed to reduce the power consumption of the Phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) cells. In this study, we have simulated and found that the cells with the SLL dielectric have a higher peak temperature compared to that of the cells with the SiO2 dielectric after constant pulse activation, due to the interface scattering mechanism. Scaling of the SLL dielectric has resulted in higher peak temperatures, which can be even higher after material/structural modifications. Furthermore, the SLL dielectric has good material properties that enable the cells to have high endurance. This shows the effectiveness of the SLL dielectric for advanced memory applications.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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On the near-wall characteristics of acceleration in turbulence
- K. YEO, B.-G. KIM, C. LEE
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 659 / 25 September 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 July 2010, pp. 405-419
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The behaviour of fluid-particle acceleration in near-wall turbulent flows is investigated in numerically simulated turbulent channel flows at low to moderate Reynolds numbers, Reτ = 180~600). The acceleration is decomposed into pressure-gradient (irrotational) and viscous contributions (solenoidal acceleration) and the statistics of each component are analysed. In near-wall turbulent flows, the probability density function of acceleration is strongly dependent on the distance from the wall. Unexpectedly, the intermittency of acceleration is strongest in the viscous sublayer, where the acceleration flatness factor of O(100) is observed. It is shown that the centripetal acceleration around coherent vortical structures is an important source of the acceleration intermittency. We found sheet-like structures of strong solenoidal accelerations near the wall, which are associated with the background shear modified by the interaction between a streamwise vortex and the wall. We found that the acceleration Kolmogorov constant is a linear function of y+ in the log layer. The Reynolds number dependence of the acceleration statistics is investigated.
DNS of wavepacket evolution in a Blasius boundary layer
- K. S. YEO, X. ZHAO, Z. Y. WANG, K. C. NG
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 652 / 10 June 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 May 2010, pp. 333-372
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This paper presents the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of wavepacket evolution and breakdown in a Blasius boundary layer. The study covers the physical, spectral and structural aspects of the whole transition process, whereas previous studies have tended to focus on issues of a more limited scope. The simulations are modelled after the experiments of Cohen, Breuer & Haritonidis (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 225, 1991, p. 575). The disturbance wavepackets are initiated here by a u-velocity and a v-velocity delta pulse. They evolve through a quasi-linear growth stage, a subharmonic stage and a strongly nonlinear stage before breaking down into the nascent turbulent spots. Pulse-initiated wavepackets provide a plausible model for naturally occurring laminar–turbulent transition because they contain disturbances in a broadband of frequencies and wavenumbers, whose sum of interactions determines the spatio-temporal progress of the wavepackets. The early development of the wavepackets accords well with established linear results. The ensuing subharmonic evolution of the wavepackets appears to be underpinned by a critical-layer-based mechanism in which the x-phase speeds of the fundamental two-dimensional and dominant three-dimensional waves with compatible Squire wavenumbers are approximately matched. Spectral data over the bulk of the subharmonic stage demonstrate good consistency with the action of a phase-locked theory recently proposed by Wu, Stewart & Cowley (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 590, 2007, p. 265), strongly suggesting that the latter may be the dominant mechanism in the broadband nonlinear evolution of wavepackets. The dominant two-dimensional and three-dimensional waves are observed to be spontaneously evolving towards triad resonance in the late subharmonic stage. The simulations reproduce many key features in the experiments of Cohen et al. (1991) and Medeiros & Gaster (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 399, 1999b, p. 301). A plausible explanation is also offered for the apparently ‘deterministic’ subharmonic behaviour of wavepackets observed by Medeiros & Gaster. The strongly nonlinear stage is signified by the appearance of low-frequency streamwise-aligned u-velocity structures at twice the spanwise wavenumber of the dominant three-dimensional waves, distortion of the local base flow by the strengthening primary Λ-vortex and rapid expansion of the spanwise wavenumber (β) spectrum. These are in broad agreement with the experimental observations of Breuer, Cohen & Haritonidis (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 340, 1997, p. 395). The breakdown into incipient turbulent spots occurs at locations consistent with the experiments of Cohen et al. (1991). A visualization shows that the evolving wavepackets comprise very thin overlapping vorticity sheets of alternating signs, in stacks of two or three. Strong streamwise stretching of the flow at the centre of the wavepacket in the late subharmonic and strongly nonlinear stages promotes the roll-up and intensification of the vorticity sheets into longitudinal vortices, whose mutual induction precedes the breakdown of the wavepacket. The critical layer of the dominant two-dimensional and oblique wave modes reveals the progressive coalescence of a strong pair of vortices (associated with the Λ-vortex) during the subharmonic stage. Their coalescence culminates in a strong upward burst of velocity that transports lower momentum fluid from below the critical layer into the upper boundary layer to form a high shear layer in the post-subharmonic stage.
Pharyngeal pouch surgery in north Glasgow: NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) practice or not?
- J C L Yeo, K MacKenzie
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 124 / Issue 5 / May 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 December 2009, pp. 533-537
- Print publication:
- May 2010
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Aim:
To evaluate endoscopic pharyngeal pouch surgery practice in north Glasgow by comparing it to National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recommendations.
Methods:We reviewed the case notes of patients who had undergone pharyngeal pouch surgery from 1998 to 2008. Data obtained included patient demographics, procedures performed, complications and outcomes.
Results:One hundred patient case notes were reviewed. Surgical procedures performed included endoscopic stapling (n = 58), endoscopic laser surgery (26), external excision (one), cricopharyngeal myotomy (two) and pharyngoscopy with dilatation (three). Endoscopic stapling was abandoned in 10 patients (14.7 per cent), three of whom declined further surgery. There was a 2.2 per cent perforation rate for endoscopic procedures. Twenty-one per cent of patients required further surgery.
Conclusion:Our practice was not in keeping with National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recommendations. Our complication rates were similar to other published series, although our rates for abandoned and revision procedures were higher. We suggest that pharyngeal pouch surgical procedures should be undertaken only by otolaryngologists with a primary head and neck interest.
Aircraft Applications of Insecticides in East Africa. IV.—The Application of Coarse Aerosols in Savannah Woodland containing the Tsetse Flies Glossina morsitans and G. swynnertoni
- K. S. Hocking, H. C. M. Parr, D. Yeo, D. Anstey
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- Journal:
- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 44 / Issue 4 / December 1953
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2009, pp. 627-640
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Attempts have been made to eradicate the tsetse flies G. morsitans and G. swynnertoni from two blocks of savannah woodland situated in the Central Province of Tanganyika.
The insecticides were applied from aircraft. Coarse aerosols were used, with mass median diameters of approximately 90 microns; droplet diameters varied from 4 microns to 250 microns approximately.
Eight applications of insecticides were made at intervals of two weeks. Each application was carried out at a nominal dosage of 0·25 gallons per acre, which was equivalent to 0·20 1b. per acre of the p, p'isomer of DDT or 0·03 lb. per acre of the γ isomer of BHC.
In the area treated with DDT it is possible that both species of flies were eradicated for a short period, but small populations were re-established there by immigrant flies. In the other block the reduction was not so great, but it is not considered that this was due to a lesser effectiveness of the BHC, but to a combination of circumstances that led to less effective applications.
Some general observations are made upon the use of aircraft for this sort of work, particularly in connection with the effect of meteorological conditions.
Aircraft Applications of Insecticides in East Africa. II.—An experimental Attempt to Produce a Fly-free Corridor through a Belt of Tsetse-infested Woodland
- K. S. Hocking, H. C. M. Parr, D. Yeo, P. A. Robins
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- Journal:
- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 44 / Issue 3 / September 1953
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2009, pp. 601-609
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An experimental attempt was made to produce a fly-free corridor through a belt of savannah woodland containing the tsetse fly G. swynnertoni.
An area two miles wide and four miles long was treated with a coarse spray of a 4·6 per cent, w/v solution of DDT in Shell Diesoline. The dosage per application was 0·5 gallons per acre, and seven applications were made, at intervals of approximately two weeks, so that the treatment covered two pupal periods.
The fly density had fallen to a very low level by the end of the experiment, and the area remained virtually free from flies for the subsequent two months. An examination of the data suggests, however, that the fly population was maintained largely by immigrant flies, and was certainly subject to wide variations, and it seems certain that the effect of the applications would have been considerably less upon a stable, self-supporting population.
The drop spectrum of the ground deposit had a mass median diameter of 0·35 mm., and the recovery of insecticide in the area was approximately 60 per cent. Leeward and under sides of obstacles did not receive a dose although in some cases dosages were obtained on apparently leeward sides, probably because of local reversals of wind direction.
The linear stability of boundary-layer flow over compliant walls: effects of boundary-layer growth
- K. S. Yeo, B. C. Khoo, W. K. Chong
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 280 / 10 December 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 April 2006, pp. 199-225
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The linear stability of boundary-layer flow over compliant or flexible surfaces has been studied by Carpenter & Garrad (1985), Yeo (1988) and others on the assumption of local flow parallelism. This assumption is valid at large Reynolds numbers. Non-parallel effects due to growth of the boundary layer gain in significance and importance as one gets to lower Reynolds number. This is especially so for a compliant surface, which can sustain a variety of wall-related instabilities in addition to the Tollmien—Schlichting instabilities (TSI) that are found over rigid surfaces. The present paper investigates the influence of boundary-layer non-parallelism on the TSI and wall-related travelling-wave flutter (TWF) on compliant layers. Corrections to the growth rate of locally parallel theory for boundary-layer non-parallelism are obtained through a multiple-scale analysis. The results indicate that flow non-parallelism has an overall destabilizing influence on the TSI and TWF. Flow non-parallelism is also found to have a very strong destabilizing effect on the branch of TWF that stretches to low Reynolds number. The results obtained have important implications for the design and use of compliant layers at low Reynolds numbers.
Turbulent boundary layer over a compliant surface: absolute and convective instabilities
- K. S. YEO, H. Z. ZHAO, B. C. KHOO
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 449 / 25 December 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 December 2001, pp. 141-168
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A theoretical model for the instability of two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer over compliant surfaces is described. The principal Reynolds stress is modelled by a well-established mixing-length eddy-viscosity formulation of van Driest. The perturbations of the mean velocity and Reynolds stress fields are coupled via the turbulence model. The investigation of instability is carried out from a time-asymptotic spatio-temporal perspective that classifies instabilities as being either convective or absolute. The occurrence of convective and absolute instabilities over viscoelastic compliant layers is elucidated. Compliant surfaces with low damping are susceptible to convective instability, which gives way to an absolute instability when the surfaces become highly damped. The theoretical results are compared against experimental observations of surface waves on elastic and viscoelastic compliant layers.
Optical Gain and Ion-Ion Interactions in Er/Yb Co-Doped Glasses
- M. Federighi, A. Malla, K.-C. Yeo
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 560 / 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 257
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- 1999
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We have developed a model of Er/Yb co-doped glasses taking into account upconversion and concentration quenching. We show in this paper that co-doping with Yb does not affect the maximum gain attainable at very high pump power, but significantly enhances the pump efficiency at moderate pump levels.
Annealing Study of Ion Implanted MOCVD and MBE Grown GaN
- E. Silkowski, Y. K. Yeo, R. L. Hengehold, M. A. Khan, T. Lei, K. Evans, C. Cerny
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 395 / 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2011, 813
- Print publication:
- 1995
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MOCVD and MBE grown GaN were implanted with Ar, Mg, Si, Be, C, and O, and annealed in a conventional oven under flowing NH3 or N2 gas. Absorption measurements confirmed that implantation damage was annealed out after 90 minutes at a temperature of 1000 °C. Surface damage caused by NH3 annealing was evident in absorption and photoluminescence measurements for annealing temperatures of over 1000 °C. Although most of the implants showed no unique luminescence peaks, systematic changes in the relative intensities of the exciton, donor-acceptor pair, and yellow peaks were noted. The Mg implanted samples showed evidence of the acceptor bound exciton line at 3.44 eV, and a unique peak at 3.3 eV possibly due to a Mg free-to-bound transition.